A wildland firefighter’s most powerful tool is an effective fireline. A well-crafted fireline can slow and even stop a wildfire in its blazing tracks by removing vegetation and other fuel from its path and digging down to mineral soil. But a fireline isn’t just a big hole in the ground. Several rules must be followed to ensure its effectiveness. Here are five rules for effective fireline construction.
Plan Ahead/Assess the Terrain
Many fires can be stopped well before they start—days or weeks in advance, in fact. Firefighters should consistently monitor the territory, looking for places where fires are likely to start due to carelessness or natural causes and removing potential burning material.
When the fire is happening, however, firefighters should look at the fire’s behavior, path, and intensity. Natural barriers like rivers and streams, roads, and rocky terrain complement a potential fireline, so look for these. Planning means being positioned well and watching for safety issues during the blaze as well as escape routes if things go awry.
Clear a Wide Path
Bigger is better where firelines are concerned. A too-narrow line may allow flames to leap over it, setting fires on the other side. Mathematically speaking, firelines should be at least one and a half times the height of surrounding vegetation. In heavy brush and timber, this may require a fireline several feet wide. Too much is better than not enough to create an unbreachable fireline.
Remove All Flammable Materials
A successful fireline is dug down to the unburnable mineral soil several feet below. This means removing all, not just some, vegetation and organic material, down to the roots. Flammable material of any kind may give the fire a toehold, allowing it to skip over and continue to burn. So dig, dig, and dig some more, leaving a clean, bare surface behind. It’s hard work, but it’s worth it.
Construct Contour Lines on the Slopes
Working with sloped rather than flat terrain? Construct contour lines. These are lines that follow the natural shape of the hill, mountain, or other type of incline you’re working on. Contour lines slow down the fire while helping the soil there avoid erosion. Contour lines also create a more stable and manageable work area, preventing steepness that might cause firefighters to fall and incur injuries.
Hold the Line!
Firelines aren’t a one-and-done thing. They must be maintained during a blaze. Engage in regular patrols of the fireline, watching out for breaches and breaks that might allow the flames to pour through. Reinforce weak spots and areas that seem vulnerable. You may need to widen the line or use backfire techniques to strengthen its defense. Spread the word to stay alert and communicate!
Those are just five rules for effective fireline construction. If you need digging tools and other equipment to tackle your firelines, contact us. We offer a fine selection of tough and effective wildland fire tools!